Kajian Etika Islam

Moral awareness is a sense of self that feels good and bad, which is able to distinguish halal and haram, and rights and vanity. Man understands with his deeds. The human being as the subject realizes that he is dealing with his deed now, before, during and after the work is done. This article aims to expose ethics in Islam that is described in ethics towards God, man, and the natural environment. Ethics of God is based on moral law through gratitude to Him. Unlike ethics to man, the nature of his freedom becomes a moral creature that always interact to achieve happiness as the ultimate goal of ethics. In ethics on the environment, attitudes, actions, and ethical perspectives and management of environmental stewardship and all members of the ecosystem are indispensable

Financial Risk Management in Syariah Contracts: a Review of Current Literature

: Theoretically, the musyârakah, mudhârabah and murâbahah systems are the most ideal concept of profit loss sharing business. Musyârakah and mudhârabah are business contracts recognized since the beginning of Islamic history. In Musyârakah contract, each contracting parties are considered equal in their rights in doing business contract. This writing attempts to elaborate the latest views on financial risk in banking products. At the practical level, the writer concludes that musyârakah and mudhârabah constitute minor portion than murâbahah in the overall Syari'ah banking transactions. These products of Syari'ah banking tend to lead to moral hazard and adverse selection and thus agency theory and information asymmetrical explain the inherent problem well. In addition, the concept of profit-loss sharing according to the writer is still controversial which is also vulnarable to moral hazard

Ensuring good governance through parliamentary control of administrative agencies: A critique

Parliamentary institutions are central to most systems of government but their role within the structure of government varies from one country to another. Not only are there differences in terms of their specific powers, but also in measure of  power/influence exercised within the framework of normative rules or legal system of  a nation to guarantee good governance. The objectives of this paper are to overview parliaments around the world vis-à-vis their control of administrative  agencies, especially in Britain and United States of America and to highlight the forms of control that the Nigerian National Assembly exerts on the administrative  agencies. The writers rely on published and unpublished materials such as  textbooks; articles in journals, conferences and work shop documents, law reports; newspapers; magazine; and internet facility. The paper concluded that the  parliamentary control of administrative agencies depends largely on the type of  parliamentary system being practiced either uni-cameral or bi-cameral legislature or even presidential or parliamentary. It is suggested that care must be taken not only to ensure that the electorates choose their proper representatives to National or State Assembly, but there should equally be good electoral laws to ensure that, the choice of the people are not defeated as a result of electoral fraud because the failure or success of a state depends largely on the nature of its legislators.Key words: Legislature, Good Governance, Oversight, Impeachment, Investigatio

Nurse Interpersonal Communication Skills Influence the Increasing of Patient Satisfaction

In nursing practice, communication is a means of developing relationships nurses and patients, and may affect the level of satisfaction of patients to health care that is given. The purpose this research was to study the effects of nurse interpersonal communication toward patient at Baptist Hospital Kediri. The design of this study was cross-sectional with the independent variable was nurse interpersonal communication and the dependent variable was level of patient satisfaction. Population of this study was patients IRNA Class 3 RS. Baptist Kediri, it was obtained 96 patients, using proposive sampling technique. Statistical analysis using Spearman's rho test with α ≤ 0.05. The results obtained were good nurses interpersonal communication, while the level of patient satisfaction with the services of nursing is very satisfied, statistical tests obtained p = 0.000 means that there is an influence on the level of interpersonal communication in patient satisfaction IRNA Class 3 RS. Baptist Kediri. Concluded that if the interpersonal communication skills of high nurse patient will be more satisfied

Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recomended food for infants until the age of 6 months. After 6 months years old a complementary food is recomended until 2 years of age. However, percent of mothers practicing exclusive breastfeeeding is still low. This study aimed to determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. Subjects and Method: This was a quantitative-qualitative study conducted in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan from June to December 2015. A sample of 258 lactating mothers, consisting of 136 mothers who exclusively breastfed and 122 mothers who did not exclusively breastfeed, were selected for this study by random sampling. The dependent variable was exclusive breastfeeding. The independent variables were maternal age, education, knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, maternal health condition, maternal work status, and family support. Data were collected by pre-tested questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Low maternal education (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.82; p = 0.005), low maternal knowledge (OR = 0.32; 95% CI =; p = 0.001), poor maternal health condition (OR = 0.23 , 95% CI = 0.08 to 3.93, p = 0.082), and low family support (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.02 to 8.93; p = 0.328) were associated with decreased chance of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal age 20-29 years (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 0.18 to 6.74; p = 0.062) and housewife (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.00 to 8.29; p = 0.123) were associated with increased chance of exclusive breastfeeding. Qualitative study showed that lack of maternal knowledge on the utility of exclusive breastfeeding was a strong predictor for not practicing exclusive breastfeeding. Most of the mothers interviewed believed that providing food in addition to breastmilk could accelerate the growth of their children. Conclusion: Low maternal education, low maternal knowledge, poor maternal health condition, and low family support are associated with decreased chance of exclusive breastfeeding. Maternal age 20-29 years and housewife are associated with increased chance of exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, age, education, knowledge, maternal health condition, maternal working status, family suppor

Analisis Faktor-faktor Penyebab Keterlambatan Penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus

APBD memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah. Keterlambatan dalam penetapan APBD akan berdampak langsung terhadap pelaksanaan pembangunan di daerah. Sejak diberlakukannya Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 13 Tahun 2006, penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus selalu terlambat. Akibat keterlambatan penetapan APBD tersebut, pelaksanaan program dan kegiatan pembangunan menjadi tidak efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan keterlambatan penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis exploratif untuk mengidentifikasi variabel-variabel permasalahan yang mempengaruhi penyusunan APBD Kabupaten Kudus, dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis faktor dalam pendekatan kuantitatif untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab keterlambatan penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 5 faktor yang dapat menjelaskan penyebab keterlambatan penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus Tahun Anggaran 2009 sampai dengan Tahun Anggaran 2013 dengan varian sebesar 65,837 %, yaitu (1) Faktor Komitmen dan Kepentingan Eksekutif, (2) Faktor Koordinasi dan Komunikasi antara Eksekutif dan Legislatif, (3) Faktor Kompetensi dan Komitmen Legislatif, (4) Faktor Koordinasi dan Kompetensi SKPD, (5) Faktor Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Sedangkan 34,163 % dijelaskan faktor lain selain kelima faktor tersebut. Kurangnya komitmen dalam mentaati jadwal penyusunan APBD, lebih mengutamakan kepentingan dalam pengalokasian anggaran, koordinasi dan komunikasi yang tidak baik, dan kurangnya kompetensi dalam penganggaran dari pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam penyusunan anggaran menjadi penyebab keterlambatan penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus. Selain itu pemerintah pusat juga memberi andil dalam keterlambatan penetapan APBD Kabupaten Kudus yaitu keluarnya pedoman penyusunan APBD setiap tahun dengan berbagai ketentuan yang berubah di dalamnya serta keterlambatan penerbitan aturan tentang penggunaan dana-dana pusat yang bersifat specifik grant. Atas berbagai permasalahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan peningkatan kompetensi dan kapasitas bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam penyusunan APBD, membina hubungan harmonis antara eksekutif dan legislatif, ada sangsi tegas apabila APBD ditetapkan terlambat, konsistensi aturan dalam penyusunan APBD, peraturan-peraturan terkait dana dari pemerintah atasan dikeluarkan tepat waktu, dan transparansi dalam proses penyusunan APBD, serta perlu disusun analisis standar belanja (ASB) untuk menilai kewajaran belanja